Peptide research — A to Z.
Plain-English definitions for the terms used across this site, our COAs, and method notes.
- HPLC
- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The reference method for measuring peptide purity. Lumera reports lot purity by reverse-phase HPLC; the published value is the mean of triplicate runs.
- LC-MS
- Liquid Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry. Confirms peptide identity by measuring molecular mass against the published reference value.
- LAL
- Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay. Used to confirm endotoxin clearance below detection limit.
- COA
- Certificate of Analysis. The lot-specific document that reports purity, identity, and endotoxin results. Lumera publishes a COA for every lot at /lab-results/.
- Lyophilized
- Freeze-dried. The standard form Lumera ships peptides in for shelf-stability.
- Reconstitution
- The process of dissolving a lyophilized peptide in bacteriostatic water for laboratory use.
- Cold chain
- Continuous −20°C control from synthesis to delivery.
- Compounding
- Combining or altering ingredients to create a customized prescription. Several peptides on the FDA's Category 2 list cannot legally be compounded into prescription products in the U.S.
- RUO
- Research Use Only. Regulatory designation indicating a substance is for in-vitro research and not for human use.
- GLP-1
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor. Target of compounds like Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, and Retatrutide in metabolic research.
- Tri-agonist
- A compound that activates three receptors. Retatrutide is a GLP-1 / GIP / glucagon tri-agonist.
- Lot
- A specific manufacturing batch. Each Lumera vial is tagged with a lot number cross-referenced to a public COA.